Effect of Hydrothermal and Vapor Thermal Treatments on Apatite Inductivity of Titanate Nanotubes on Anodized Ti–5Nb–5Mo Surface

Abstract

Although titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely employed as biomedical materials, they cannot achieve satisfactory osseointegration when implanted in the human body due to their biologically inert nature. Surface modification can enhance both their bioactivity and corrosion resistance. The present study employed a Ti–5Nb–5Mo alloy with a metastable α″ phase. This alloy may undergo phase changes after conventional high-temperature heat treatment, which can deteriorate its properties. This study heat-treated the anodized Ti–5Nb–5Mo alloy by using a low-temperature hydrothermal or vapor thermal method to analyze the effects of heat treatment on its apatite induction. The results revealed that the porous nanotube structure on the surface of the alloy was transformed into anatase nanoparticles after hydrothermal or vapor thermal treatment at 150 °C for 6 h. After immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days, the amount of apatite deposited on the surface of the vapor thermal-treated alloy exceeded that on the hydrothermal-treated alloy. Therefore, post-heat treatment of anodized Ti–5Nb–5Mo by using the vapor thermal method can enhance its apatite inductivity without altering its structure.