Innovative Alveolar Socket Preservation Procedure Using Demineralized Tooth Dentin as Graft Biomaterial Covered with Three Reabsorbable Membranes: Human Histological Case Series Evaluation

Abstract

Background: Extracted tooth material has been seen as a valuable alternative to synthetic biomaterials. Aims: A novel flapless alveolar socket preservation (ASP) procedure with demineralized extracted tooth dentin graft material covered by three reabsorbable membranes was histologically and clinically evaluated 4 months after bone healing. Methods: Ten patients were enrolled and separated into two groups. Five post-extractive sites without buccal and/or palatal bone walls were treated with the flapless ASP procedure with demineralized tooth dentin covered with three reabsorbable membranes (Group A—GA). Five patients were treated with primary wound closure covered only with a reabsorbable membrane (Group B—GB). Bone biopsies were performed for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. Results: In both procedures, all clinical outcomes showed good healing of hard and soft tissue and a good maintenance of maxillary architecture. The histological analysis showed no necrosis or inflammatory areas in either group. The histomorphometric analysis showed higher total bone volume in GA (62.78 ± 7.97%) compared to GB (48.04 ± 9.32%), higher vital new bone in GA (57.53 ± 11.16%) compared to GB (42.41 ± 13.06%) and similar values for residual graft in GA (5.24 ± 5.82%) compared to GB (5.29 ± 4.83%). Conclusions: The data obtained show how this novel technique, mixed with the dentin-derived graft material, seems to promote higher bone regeneration.