Mechanistic Pathways and Clinical Implications of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes Management

Abstract

GLP-1 receptor agonists, which were initially intended to treat type 2 diabetes patients, have demonstrated promise as an adjuvant therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). These medications can manage T1D by improving β-cell function, reducing glucose fluctuation, and providing cardioprotective effects. Recent research suggests that boosting cell proliferation and lowering apoptosis can help maintain the bulk of β-cells. Furthermore, GLP-1 receptor agonists have potent anti-inflammatory characteristics, improving immunological control and lowering systemic inflammation, both of which are critical for reducing autoimmune damage in T1D. Beyond glucose control, these agonists have neuroprotective qualities and aid in weight management. Combining these medications with insulin could significantly change how T1D is managed. The clinical data and biological mechanisms discussed in this review support the potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in T1D.