Medicinally Privileged Natural Chalcones: Abundance, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Trials

Author:

Villa Sophia M.1ORCID,Heckman Justin2,Bandyopadhyay Debasish34ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 1030, Boston, MA 02115, USA

2. School of Medicine (SOM), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA

3. School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences (SIBCS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA

4. School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA

Abstract

Chalcones have been utilized for centuries as foods and medicines across various cultures and traditions worldwide. This paper concisely overviews their biosynthesis as specialized metabolites in plants and their significance, potential, efficacy, and possibility as future medicines. This is followed by a more in-depth exploration of naturally occurring chalcones and their corresponding mechanisms of action in human bodies. Based on their mechanisms of action, chalcones exhibit many pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimalarial, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. Novel naturally occurring chalcones are also recognized as potential antidiabetic drugs, and their effect on the GLUT-4 transporter is investigated. In addition, they are examined for their anti-inflammatory effects, focusing on chalcones used for future pharmaceutical utilization. Chalcones also bind to specific receptors and toxins that prevent bacterial and viral infections. Chalcones exhibit physiological protective effects on the biological degradation of different systems, including demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases and preventing hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Chalcones that are/were in clinical trials have been included as a separate section. By revealing the many biological roles of chalcones and their impact on medicine, this paper underlines the significance of naturally occurring chalcones and their extension to patient care, providing the audience with an index of topic-relevant information.

Funder

CPRIT South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research

Robert A. Welch Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

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