Evaluation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as a Green Alternative to Common Solvents in Conservation Treatments

Author:

Zaratti Camilla12,Marinelli Livia13ORCID,Colasanti Irene Angela124,Barbaccia Francesca Irene15,Aureli Helene1ORCID,Prestileo Fernanda6ORCID,de Caro Tilde7ORCID,La Russa Mauro Francesco8,Macchia Andrea18ORCID

Affiliation:

1. YOCOCU APS—Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy

2. Lab4green s.r.l, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy

3. Department of Science of Antiquities, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy

4. Chemical Sciences Technologies Department, Tor Vergata University of Roma, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

5. Department of Technological Innovation Engineering, Digital Technologies for Industry 4.0, Uninettuno University, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 39, 00186 Rome, Italy

6. CNR-ISAC, Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy

7. CNR ISMN, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9, 00010 Rome, Italy

8. Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents for the removal of low-polarity materials commonly found in cultural heritage artefacts. Recognizing the environmental and health concerns associated with conventional solvents, this research focuses on FAME to remove low/non-polarity or non-polar substances used in cultural heritage preservation. Laboratory samples coated with low molecular synthetic resins (LMW) such as Regalrez 1094 and microcrystalline wax were treated with FAME applied in gel to prevent solvent–substrate interactions. Photographic documentation under UV-vis light, optical microscope observations, and spectrocolorimetric analysis were used for assessing surface “cleanness”, while FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to detect possible residue from treatment. Moreover, SEM analysis was used for a better understanding of the results. The best results were obtained using FAME base on methyl stearate according to Hansen-RED.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference37 articles.

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