Depression and Anxiety among Gay and Bisexual Men: Testing a Mediated Moderation Model of Mindfulness and Adult Attachment

Author:

Sizemore K. Marie12,Gray Shannon S.2,Samrock Steven3ORCID,Millar Brett M.12,Grov Christian45,Rendina H. Jonathon67ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA

2. Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA

3. Department of Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA

4. Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA

5. Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA

6. Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA

7. Whitman-Walker Institute, 1377 R Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009, USA

Abstract

For sexual minority men (SMM), attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance are evidenced to predict poor mental health (e.g., depression and anxiety). While mindfulness is known to mediate this relationship among the general population, it has yet to be examined among SMM. This study examined the interaction of attachment anxiety and avoidance, and the mediating effect of mindfulness, in predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of gay and bisexual men (GBM) in the U.S. We used regression-based path analyses to test the interaction of attachment anxiety and avoidance on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were positively associated with mental health symptoms. In the model predicting anxiety, we found a significant interaction, indicating that individuals high in attachment anxiety and avoidance had the highest BSI scores. In model 2, direct effects for attachment anxiety and avoidance remained significant, and mindfulness was negatively associated with both mental health symptoms. Significant indirect effects from attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, through mindfulness, to both depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed. No evidence of mediated moderation was found. Our findings show that attachment is an important predictor of mental health among GBM and support previous research on the mediating role of mindfulness in this association.

Funder

National Institutes on Drug Abuse

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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