Characteristic Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 and VOCs in Tianjin Based on High-Resolution Online Data

Abstract

This study leveraged 2019 online data of particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Tianjin to analyze atmospheric pollution characteristics. PM2.5 was found to be primarily composed of water-soluble ions, with nitrates as the dominant component, while VOCs were predominantly alkanes, followed by alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, with notable concentrations of propane, ethane, ethylene, toluene, and benzene. The receptor model identified six major sources of PM2.5 and seven major sources of VOCs. The secondary source is the main contribution source, while motor vehicles and coal burning are important primary contribution sources in PM2.5. And, industrial processes and natural gas volatilization were considered major contributors for VOCs. A health risk assessment indicated negligible non-carcinogenic risks but potential carcinogenic risks from trace metals As and Cr, and benzene within VOCs, underscoring the necessity for focused public health measures. A risk attribution analysis attributed As and Cr in PM to coal combustion and vehicular emissions. Benzene in VOCs primarily originates from fuel evaporation, and industrial and vehicular emissions. These findings underscore the potential for reducing health risks from PM and VOCs through enhanced regulation of emissions in coal, industry, and transportation. Such strategies are vital for advancing air quality management and safeguarding public health.