Ferroptosis: Emerging Role in Diseases and Potential Implication of Bioactive Compounds

Author:

Patanè Giuseppe Tancredi1,Putaggio Stefano1,Tellone Ester1ORCID,Barreca Davide1,Ficarra Silvana1,Maffei Carlo1,Calderaro Antonella1,Laganà Giuseppina1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is distinguished from other types of death for its peculiar characteristics of death regulated by iron accumulation, increase in ROS, and lipid peroxidation. In the past few years, experimental evidence has correlated ferroptosis with various pathological processes including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Ferroptosis also is involved in several types of cancer because it has been shown to induce tumor cell death. In particular, the pharmacological induction of ferroptosis, contributing to the inhibition of the proliferative process, provides new ideas for the pharmacological treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that certain mechanisms including the Xc− system, GPx4, and iron chelators play a key role in the regulation of ferroptosis and can be used to block the progression of many diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of ferroptosis and the latest advances in its multiple regulatory pathways, underlining ferroptosis’ involvement in the diseases. Finally, we focused on several types of ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors, evaluating their impact on the cell death principal targets to provide new perspectives in the treatment of the diseases and a potential pharmacological development of new clinical therapies.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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