Comparative Assessment of the Addictive Potential of Synthetic Cathinones by Zebrafish Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) Paradigm

Abstract

Synthetic cathinones have gained increasing popularity in the illicit drug market, yet their abuse potential remains poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish were used to compare the addictive potential of three cathinone analogs, namely pentylone, eutylone, and N-ethylpentylone (NEP). The zebrafish received various doses (0 to 60 mg/kg) of the cathinone analogs by oral gavage over two sessions per day for two consecutive days to induce conditioned place preference (CPP). Pentylone, eutylone, and NEP dose-dependently induced CPP, with NEP showing significantly higher CPP than pentylone and eutylone at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The fish that received 60 mg/kg of cathinones underwent extinction, followed by reinstatement triggered by drug priming. NEP required six sessions to meet the criteria of extinction, followed by eutylone, which required four sessions, and pentylone, which required three sessions. Furthermore, NEP and eutylone at a dose of 40 mg/kg could reinstate the extinguished CPP, while 60 mg/kg of pentylone was necessary for CPP reinstatement. The persistence of susceptibility to reinstatement was also assessed at 7 and 14 days after the initial reinstatement. The CPP induced by all three cathinone analogs could be reinstated 7 days after the initial reinstatement, whereas only CPP induced by NEP, but not pentylone and eutylone, could be reinstated again after 14 days. Considering the potency to induce CPP, resistance to extinction, and the propensity for reinstatement, the abuse liability rank order of the cathinone analogs might be as follows: NEP > eutylone > pentylone. These findings suggest that the zebrafish CPP paradigm can serve as a viable model for assessing the relative abuse liability of substances.