Arsenic Contamination in Indian Groundwater: From Origin to Mitigation Approaches for a Sustainable Future

Abstract

The presence of arsenic in Indian groundwater poses a significant threat to both the ecosystem and public health. This review paper comprehensively addresses the topic, encompassing the underlying causes and potential solutions. Health consequences examines the serious health risks of drinking water contaminated with arsenic. Arsenic’s complex geochemical processes of mobilization, transport, and distribution in groundwater are investigated. Mathematical models, geographical analysis, and data-driven modeling are discussed in the context of Indian groundwater. A comprehensive assessment of removal methodologies and the various factors influencing the mobility of arsenic is addressed. It was documented that community water purifiers and plants have successfully eliminated approximately 90% of arsenic, and the implementation of rainwater collection systems has also enhanced the overall quality of water. This review aims to address existing knowledge gaps and assess various strategies aimed at ensuring a more secure and sustainable water supply for the regions in question. The ultimate goal is to enhance the overall well-being of the population and protect the integrity of local ecosystems.