One-Step Green Synthesis of Isoeugenol Methyl Ether from Eugenol by Dimethyl Carbonate and Phase-Transfer Catalysts

Abstract

In this paper, the green synthesis of isoeugenol methyl ether (IEME) from eugenol by O-methylation and isomerization is completed using a one-step green process. In the methylation reaction, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was used as a green chemistry reagent instead of the traditional harmful methylation reagents, in accordance with the current concept of green chemistry. The phase transfer catalyst (PTC) polyethylene glycol 800 (PEG-800) was introduced into the isomerization reaction to break the barrier of difficult contact between solid and liquid phases and drastically reduce the reaction conditions by shortening the reaction time and reducing the alkalinity of the reaction system. The catalytic systems for the one-step green synthesis of IEME were screened, and it was shown that the catalytic system “K2CO3 + PEG-800” was the most effective. The effects of reaction temperature, n(DMC):n(eugenol) ratio, n(PEG-800):n(eugenol) ratio, and n(K2CO3):n(eugenol) ratio on eugenol conversion, IEME yield, and IEME selectivity were investigated. The results showed that the best reaction was achieved at a reaction temperature of 140 °C, a reaction time of 3 h, a DMC drip rate of 0.09 mL/min, and n(eugenol):n(DMC):n(K2CO3):n(PEG-800) = 1:3:0.09:0.08. As a result of the conversion of 93.1% of eugenol to IEME, a yield of 86.1% IEME as well as 91.6% IEME selectivity were obtained.