The Increasing Role of Short-Term Sperm Storage and Cryopreservation in Conserving Threatened Amphibian Species

Author:

Anastas Zara M.1,Byrne Phillip G.1,O’Brien Justine K.2,Hobbs Rebecca J.2ORCID,Upton Rose3,Silla Aimee J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia

2. Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia

3. Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia

Abstract

Multidisciplinary approaches to conserve threatened species are required to curb biodiversity loss. Globally, amphibians are facing the most severe declines of any vertebrate class. In response, conservation breeding programs have been established in a growing number of amphibian species as a safeguard against further extinction. One of the main challenges to the long-term success of conservation breeding programs is the maintenance of genetic diversity, which, if lost, poses threats to the viability and adaptive potential of at-risk populations. Integrating reproductive technologies into conservation breeding programs can greatly assist genetic management and facilitate genetic exchange between captive and wild populations, as well as reinvigorate genetic diversity from expired genotypes. The generation of offspring produced via assisted fertilisation using frozen–thawed sperm has been achieved in a small but growing number of amphibian species and is poised to be a valuable tool for the genetic management of many more threatened species globally. This review discusses the role of sperm storage in amphibian conservation, presents the state of current technologies for the short-term cold storage and cryopreservation of amphibian sperm, and discusses the generation of cryo-derived offspring.

Funder

Australian Research Council, Discovery Early Career Researcher Award

Zoo and Aquarium Association’s Wildlife Conservation Fund

Taronga Foundation

University of Wollongong

Australian Government Research Training Program (AGRTP) Scholarship

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology

Reference222 articles.

1. IUCN (2022, December 12). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available online: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/summary-statistics.

2. The Amphibian Extinction Crisis—What will it take to put the action into the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan?;Bishop;SAPIENS,2012

3. Global amphibian declines: Sorting the hypotheses;Collins;Divers. Distrib.,2003

4. Silla, A.J., Kouba, A.J., and Heatwole, H. (2022). Reproductive Technologies and Biobanking for the Conservation of Amphibians, CSIRO Publishing.

5. Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity;Scheele;Science,2019

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