Calibrating Glucose Sensors at the Edge: A Stress Generation Model for Tiny ML Drift Compensation

Abstract

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems offer the advantage of noninvasive monitoring and continuous data on glucose fluctuations. This study introduces a new model that enables the generation of synthetic but realistic databases that integrate physiological variables and sensor attributes into a dataset generation model and this, in turn, enables the design of improved CGM systems. Methods: The presented approach uses a combination of physiological data and sensor characteristics to construct a model that considers the impact of these variables on the accuracy of CGM measures. A dataset of 500 sensor responses over a 15-day period is generated and analyzed using machine learning algorithms (random forest regressor and support vector regressor). Results: The random forest and support vector regression models achieved Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs) of 16.13 mg/dL and 16.22 mg/dL, respectively. In contrast, models trained solely on single sensor outputs recorded an average MAE of 11.01±5.12 mg/dL. These findings demonstrate the variable impact of integrating multiple data sources on the predictive accuracy of CGM systems, as well as the complexity of the dataset. Conclusions: This approach provides a foundation for developing more precise algorithms and introduces its initial application of Tiny Machine Control Units (MCUs). More research is recommended to refine these models and validate their effectiveness in clinical settings.