Sports-Related Gastrointestinal Disorders: From the Microbiota to the Possible Role of Nutraceuticals, a Narrative Analysis

Author:

Bertuccioli Alexander12ORCID,Zonzini Giordano Bruno1,Cazzaniga Massimiliano23,Cardinali Marco14,Di Pierro Francesco235ORCID,Gregoretti Aurora2,Zerbinati Nicola5,Guasti Luigina5,Matera Maria Rosaria2,Cavecchia Ilaria2,Palazzi Chiara Maria2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy

2. Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy

3. Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy

4. Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy

5. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy

Abstract

Intense physical exercise can be related to a significant incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with a prevalence documented in the literature above 80%, especially for more intense forms such as running. This is in an initial phase due to the distancing of the flow of blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscle and thermoregulatory systems, and secondarily to sympathetic nervous activation and hormonal response with alteration of intestinal motility, transit, and nutrient absorption capacity. The sum of these effects results in a localized inflammatory process with disruption of the intestinal microbiota and, in the long term, systemic inflammation. The most frequent early symptoms include abdominal cramps, flatulence, the urge to defecate, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, and belching. Promoting the stability of the microbiota can contribute to the maintenance of correct intestinal permeability and functionality, with better control of these symptoms. The literature documents various acute and chronic alterations of the microbiota following the practice of different types of activities. Several nutraceuticals can have functional effects on the control of inflammatory dynamics and the stability of the microbiota, exerting both nutraceutical and prebiotic effects. In particular, curcumin, green tea catechins, boswellia, berberine, and cranberry PACs can show functional characteristics in the management of these situations. This narrative review will describe its application potential.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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