Methotrexate and Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Change the Oral–Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author:

Oliveira Sicília Rezende1,de Arruda José Alcides Almeida1,Corrêa Jôice Dias2,Carvalho Valessa Florindo3,Medeiros Julliane Dutra4ORCID,Schneider Ayda Henriques5,Machado Caio Cavalcante6,Duffles Letícia Fernanda7,Fernandes Gabriel da Rocha8ORCID,Calderaro Débora Cerqueira9,Júnior Mario Taba3ORCID,Abreu Lucas Guimarães10ORCID,Fukada Sandra Yasuyo7,Oliveira Renê Donizeti Ribeiro6,Louzada-Júnior Paulo6,Cunha Fernando Queiroz5,Silva Tarcília Aparecida1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil

2. Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, MG, Brazil

3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil

4. Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil

5. Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil

6. Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil

7. Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil

8. René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil

9. Department of Locomotor Apparatus, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil

10. Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil

Abstract

This study evaluated the changes in the composition of oral–gut microbiota in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) caused by methotrexate (MTX) and non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), 6 months after MTX treatment (T1), and 45 days after NSPT (T2). The composition of the oral and gut microbiota was assessed by amplifying the V4 region of the 16S gene from subgingival plaques and stools. The results of the analysis of continuous variables were presented descriptively and non-parametric tests and Spearman’s correlation were adopted. A total of 37 patients (27 with periodontitis) were evaluated at T0; 32 patients (24 with periodontitis) at T1; and 28 patients (17 with periodontitis) at T2. MTX tended to reduce the alpha diversity of the oral–gut microbiota, while NSPT appeared to increase the number of different species of oral microbiota. MTX and NSPT influenced beta diversity in the oral microbiota. The relative abundance of oral microbiota was directly influenced by periodontal status. MTX did not affect the periodontal condition but modified the correlations that varied from weak to moderate (p < 0.05) between clinical parameters and the microbiota. MTX and NSPT directly affected the composition and richness of the oral–gut microbiota. However, MTX did not influence periodontal parameters.

Funder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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