Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. from Human Specimens Submitted to Diagnostic Laboratories in South Africa, 2012–2017

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant worldwide health challenge associated with prolonged illnesses, increased healthcare costs, and high mortality rates. The present study examined the patterns and predictors of AMR among human Staphylococcus isolates obtained from diagnostic laboratories in South Africa between 2012 and 2017. This study examined data from 404 217 isolates, assessing resistance rates across different characteristics such as age, sample origin, Staphylococcus species, and study period. The highest resistance was observed against cloxacillin (70.3%), while the lowest resistance was against Colistin (0.1%). A significant (p < 0.05) decreasing trend in AMR was observed over the study period, while a significant increasing temporal trend (p < 0.05) was observed for multidrug resistance (MDR) over the same period. A significant (p < 0.05) association was observed between specimen type, species of organism, and year of isolation with AMR outcome. Significant (p < 0.05) associations were observed between specimen type and season with MDR. The observed high levels of AMR and a growing trend in MDR are concerning for public health. Clinicians should take these findings into account when deciding on therapeutic options. Continued monitoring of AMR among Staphylococcus spp. and judicious use of antimicrobials in human medicine should be promoted.