Long Non-Coding RNA Analysis: Severe Pathogenicity in Chicken Embryonic Visceral Tissues Infected with Highly Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus—A Comparison to the Avirulent Vaccine Virus

Author:

Sha Yuxin1,Liu Xinxin12,Yan Weiwen1,Wang Mengjun1,Li Hongjin1,Jiang Shanshan1,Wang Sijie1,Ren Yongning1,Zhang Kexin1,Yin Renfu1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China

2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China

Abstract

There are significant variations in pathogenicity among different virulent strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Virulent NDV typically induces severe pathological changes and high mortality rates in infected birds, while avirulent NDV usually results in asymptomatic infection. Currently, the understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying the differences in host pathological responses and symptoms caused by various virulent NDV strains remains limited. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can participate in a range of biological processes and plays a crucial role in viral infection and replication. Therefore, this study employed RNA-Seq to investigate the transcriptional profiles of chicken embryos’ visceral tissues (CEVTs) infected with either the virulent NA-1 strain or avirulent LaSota strain at 24 hpi and 36 hpi. Using bioinformatic methods, we obtained a total of 2532 lncRNAs, of which there were 52 and 85 differentially expressed lncRNAs at 24 hpi and 36 hpi, respectively. LncRNA analysis revealed that the severe pathological changes and symptoms induced by virulent NDV infection may be partially attributed to related target genes, regulated by differentially expressed lncRNAs such as MSTRG.1545.5, MSTRG.14601.6, MSTRG.7150.1, and MSTRG.4481.1. Taken together, these findings suggest that virulent NDV infection exploits the host’s metabolic resources and exerts an influence on the host’s metabolic processes, accompanied by excessive activation of the immune response. This impacts the growth and development of each system of CEVTs, breaches the blood–brain barrier, inflicts severe damage on the nervous system, and induces significant lesions. These observations may be attributed to variations in pathology. Consequently, novel insights were obtained into the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing NDV and host interactions. This will aid in unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying both virulent and avirulent forms of NDV infection.

Funder

DOST-Philippines and MOST-China joint R&D project

Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province

Shanxi Province Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Project

Science and Technology project of Education Department of Jilin Province

Macedonian-Chinese Scientific and Technological Cooperation project

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

MDPI AG

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