Fate of Horizontal-Gene-Transfer Markers and Beta-Lactamase Genes during Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta

Author:

Werner Katharina A.1ORCID,Feyen Lara1,Hübner Tobias2,Brüggemann Nicolas3,Prost Katharina3ORCID,Grohmann Elisabeth1

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berliner Hochschule für Technik, 13347 Berlin, Germany

2. Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany

3. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (Agrosphere, IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

Abstract

Thermophilic composting is a suitable treatment for the recycling of organic wastes for agriculture. However, using human excreta as feedstock for composting raises concerns about antibiotic resistances. We analyzed samples from the start and end of a thermophilic composting trial of human excreta, together with green cuttings and straw, with and without biochar. Beta-lactamase genes blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaTEM conferring resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as horizontal gene transfer marker genes, intI1 and korB, were quantified using qPCR. We found low concentrations of the beta-lactamase genes in all samples, with non-significant mean decreases in blaCTX-M and blaTEM copy numbers and a mean increase in blaIMP copy numbers. The decrease in both intI1 and korB genes from start to end of composting indicated that thermophilic composting can decrease the horizontal spread of resistance genes. Thus, thermophilic composting can be a suitable treatment for the recycling of human excreta.

Funder

BMBF

DAAD

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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