Utilizing High Resolution Satellite Imagery for Automated Road Infrastructure Safety Assessments

Author:

Brkić Ivan1,Ševrović Marko2ORCID,Medak Damir1ORCID,Miler Mario1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Chair of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

2. Department of Transport Planning, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, University of Zagreb, Vukelićeva 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

The European Commission (EC) has published a European Union (EU) Road Safety Framework for the period 2021 to 2030 to reduce road fatalities. In addition, the EC with the EU Directive 2019/1936 requires a much more detailed recording of road attributes. Therefore, automatic detection of school routes, four classes of crosswalks, and divided carriageways were performed in this paper. The study integrated satellite imagery as a data source and the Yolo object detector. The satellite Pleiades Neo 3 with a spatial resolution of 0.3 m was used as the source for the satellite images. In addition, the study was divided into three phases: vector processing, satellite imagery processing, and training and evaluation of the You Only Look Once (Yolo) object detector. The training process was performed on 1951 images with 2515 samples, while the evaluation was performed on 651 images with 862 samples. For school zones and divided carriageways, this study achieved accuracies of 0.988 and 0.950, respectively. For crosswalks, this study also achieved similar or better results than similar work, with accuracies ranging from 0.957 to 0.988. The study also provided the standard performance measure for object recognition, mean average precision (mAP), as well as the values for the confusion matrix, precision, recall, and f1 score for each class as benchmark values for future studies.

Funder

European Regional Development Fund

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

Reference53 articles.

1. European Commision (2022). Annual Statistical Report on Road Safety in the EU, 2021, European Commision.

2. European Commision (2021). Road Safety Thematic Report–Pedestrians, European Commision.

3. European Commision (2021). Next Steps towards “Vision Zero”, European Commision.

4. Elvik, R., Høye, A., Vaa, T., and Sørensen, M. (2009). The Handbook of Road Safety Measures, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

5. (2019). The European Parliament and Council of the European Union (Standard No. Directive (EU) 2019/1936).

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