Japanese Encephalitis Virus: An Update on the Potential Antivirals and Vaccines

Author:

Srivastava Kumar Saurabh1ORCID,Jeswani Vandana1,Pal Nabanita1,Bohra Babita1,Vishwakarma Vaishali1,Bapat Atharva Ashish1,Patnaik Yamini Prashanti1,Khanna Navin2,Shukla Rahul1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Virus Research and Therapeutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India

2. Translational Health, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India

Abstract

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causal agent behind Japanese encephalitis (JE), a potentially severe brain infection that spreads through mosquito bites. JE is predominant over the Asia-Pacific Region and has the potential to spread globally with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Efforts have been made to identify and select various target molecules essential in JEV’s progression, but until now, no licensed anti-JEV drug has been available. From a prophylactic point of view, a few licensed JE vaccines are available, but various factors, viz., the high cost and different side effects imposed by them, has narrowed their global use. With an average occurrence of >67,000 cases of JE annually, there is an urgent need to find a suitable antiviral drug to treat patients at the acute phase, as presently only supportive care is available to mitigate infection. This systematic review highlights the current status of efforts put in to develop antivirals against JE and the available vaccines, along with their effectiveness. It also summarizes epidemiology, structure, pathogenesis, and potential drug targets that can be explored to develop a new range of anti-JEV drugs to combat JEV infection globally.

Funder

The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)-Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology

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