Affiliation:
1. Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
2. Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy protects infants against symptomatic COVID-19. Vaccination of lactating mothers may offer additional protection, but our understanding of immune responses in breast milk is limited. We, therefore, performed a single-center prospective cohort study of lactating mothers who received a COVID-19 mRNA primary vaccine series to evaluate the durability, breadth, and neutralizing capacity of the antibody responses in breast milk. Spike IgG- and IgA-binding antibodies of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in serum and breast milk were quantified over 9 months using Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) V-PLEX assays, and ancestral titers were compared to four variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma) at a single time point. Neutralizing antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/5 were compared before and after vaccination using a pseudovirus-neutralization assay. Eleven lactating mothers received either Pfizer BNT162b2 (7/11) or Moderna mRNA-1273 (4/11) vaccine primary series. IgG and IgA titers increased in serum and breast milk following each dose, peaking 1–4 weeks after series completion. Titers remained significantly elevated for 7–9 months, except for in breast milk IgA which returned to baseline within 1 month. Furthermore, binding antibodies against all included variants were detected in breast milk collected 1–3 weeks after series completion. However, while vaccination induced a strong neutralizing response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in serum and more modest response in breast milk, it did not induce neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.4/5 in either specimen type. This study demonstrates that maternal COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may enhance immune protection for infants through breast milk via increased IgG- and IgA-binding-and-neutralizing antibodies; although, variant-specific boosters may be required to optimize immune protection.
Funder
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology
Reference33 articles.
1. Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: A mathematical modelling study;Watson;Lancet Infect. Dis.,2022
2. (2023, August 22). Children and COVID-19 Vaccination Trends: Summary of Data Publicly Reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available online: https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/children-and-covid-19-vaccination-trends/.
3. (2023, August 22). COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States, Available online: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-booster-percent-pop5.
4. (2023, August 22). Hospitalization of Infants and Children Aged 0–4 Years with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19—COVID-NET, 14 States, March 2020–February 2022, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7111e2.htm.
5. Effects of Vaccination Against Influenza, Pertussis, and COVID-19 on Human Milk Antibodies: Current Evidence and Implications for Health Equity;Hunagund;Front. Immunol.,2022
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献