Study of Nanohydroxyapatite Coatings Prepared by the Electrophoretic Deposition Method at Various Voltage and Time Parameters

Author:

Malisz Klaudia1ORCID,Świeczko-Żurek Beata1,Olive Jean-Marc2,Gajowiec Grzegorz3,Pecastaings Gilles4,Laska Aleksandra3ORCID,Sionkowska Alina5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-229 Gdansk, Poland

2. CNRS—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute de Mecanique et d’Imgenierie, Universite de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France

3. Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-229 Gdansk, Poland

4. Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS Universite de Bordeaux, UMR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France

5. Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland

Abstract

The aim of the work is to compare the properties of nanohydroxyapatite coatings obtained using the electrophoretic deposition method (EDP) at 10 V, 20 V, and 30 V, and with deposit times of 2 and 5 min. The primary sedimentation was used to minimize the risk of the formation of particle agglomerates on the sample surface. Evaluation of the coating was performed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), optical profilometer, drop shape analyzer, and a nanoscratch tester. All of the coatings are homogeneous without any agglomerates. When low voltage (10 V) was used, the coatings were uniform and continuous regardless of the deposition time. The increase in voltage resulted in the formation of cracks in the coatings. The wettability test shows the hydrophilic behavior of the coatings and the mean contact angle values are in the range of 20–37°. The coatings showed excellent adhesion to the substrate. The application of a maximum force of 400 mN did not cause delamination in most coatings. It is concluded that the optimal coating for orthopedic implants (such as hip joint implants, knee joint implants or facial elements) is obtained at 10 V and 5 min because of its homogeneity, and a contact angle that promotes osseointegration and great adhesion to the substrate.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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