Lipid Remodeling in the Mitochondria upon Ageing during the Long-Lasting Cultivation of Endomyces magnusii

Abstract

In this study, we used Endomyces magnusii yeast with a complete respiratory chain and well-developed mitochondria system. This system is similar to the animal one which makes the yeast species an excellent model for studying ageing mechanisms. Mitochondria membranes play a vital role in the metabolic processes in a yeast cell. Mitochondria participate in the metabolism of several pivotal compounds including fatty acids (FAs) metabolism. The mitochondria respiratory activity, the membrane and storage lipids composition, and morphological changes in the culture during the long-lasting cultivation (for 168 h) were under investigation. High metabolic activity of E. magnusii might be related to the active function of mitochondria increasing in the 96- and 168-h growth phases. Cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sterols (St) were dominant in the membrane lipids. The St and sphingolipids (SL) shares increased by a lot, whereas the CL and phosphatidylinositol (PI) + PE ones decreased in the membrane lipids. This was the main change in the membrane lipid composition during the cultivation. In contrast, the amount of PE and phosphatidylserine (PS) did not change. Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) of phospholipids (PL) FAs significantly declined due to a decrease in the linoleic acid share and an increase in the amount of palmitic and oleic acid. There were some storage lipids in the mitochondria where free fatty acids (FFAs) (73–99% of the total) dominated, reaching the highest level in the 96-h phase. Thus, we can conclude that upon long-lasting cultivation, for the yeast assimilating an “oxidative” substrate, the following factors are of great importance in keeping longevity: (1) a decrease in the IHD reduces double bonds and the peroxidation indices of various lipid classes; (2) the amount of long-chain FFAs declines. Moreover, the factor list providing a long lifespan should include some other physiological features in the yeast cell. The alternative oxidase activity induced in the early stationary growth phase and high mitochondria activity maintains intensive oxygen consumption. It determines the ATP production and physiological doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be regarded as a trend favoring the increased longevity.