S-Benzyl-L-cysteine Inhibits Growth and Photosynthesis, and Triggers Oxidative Stress in Ipomoea grandifolia
Author:
Martarello Danielly Caroline Inacio1, Grizza Luiz Henryque Escher1ORCID, Foletto-Felipe Marcela de Paiva2, Mendonça Ana Paula da Silva1, Constantin Renato Polimeni1, Ferro Ana Paula1, dos Santos Wanderley Dantas1ORCID, Constantin Rodrigo Polimeni1ORCID, Marchiosi Rogerio1ORCID, Ferrarese-Filho Osvaldo1
Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, PR, Brazil 2. Coordination of Degree in Biological Sciences, Federal Technological University of Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos 85660-000, PR, Brazil
Abstract
L-cysteine, a precursor of essential components for plant growth, is synthesized by the cysteine synthase complex, which includes O-acetylserine(thiol) lyase (OAS-TL) and serine acetyltransferase. In this work, we investigated how S-benzyl-L-cysteine (SBC), an OAS-TL inhibitor, affects the growth, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress of Ipomoea grandifolia plants. SBC impaired gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, indicating damage that compromised photosynthesis and reduced plant growth. Critical parameters such as the electron transport rate (J), triose phosphate utilization (TPU), light-saturation point (LSP), maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), and light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (PNmax) decreased by 19%, 20%, 22%, 23%, and 24%, respectively. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ϕPSII), electron transport rate through PSII (ETR), and stomatal conductance (gs) decreased by 12%, 19%, 19%, and 34%, respectively. Additionally, SBC decreased the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), and chlorophyll (SPAD index) by 14%, 15%, and 15%, respectively, indicating possible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. SBC triggered root oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, and conjugated dienes by 30%, 55%, and 61%, respectively. We hypothesize that dysfunctions in sulfur-containing components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, such as the cytochrome b6f complex, ferredoxin, and the iron–sulfur (Fe-S) centers are the cause of these effects, which ultimately reduce the efficiency of electron transport and hinder photosynthesis in I. grandifolia plants. In short, our findings suggest that targeting OAS-TL with inhibitors like SBC could be a promising strategy for the development of novel herbicides.
Funder
Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Improvement—Brazil Araucaria Foundation
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