Visual Symptoms, Vegetative Growth, and Mineral Concentration in Fig Tree (Ficus carica L.) Under Macronutrient Deficiencies

Abstract

The common fig is an edible fruit which is appreciated for its organoleptic characteristics and high commercial value. Several factors, including mineral nutrition, affect fig production. Macronutrients fulfill specific functions in the metabolism of plants, affecting some functions when they are at low levels. So, in the present investigation, the visual symptoms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium deficiencies were identified and characterized, as well as their effects on vegetative growth and the concentration of minerals in fig tree tissues, using the missing element technique in a controlled hydroponic system. N was the element that most affected vegetative growth, causing smaller stem diameter, leaf area, and dry weight. Treatments without P and K followed. In addition, significant differences were found in the mineral concentration in leaf, stem, and root, with various interactions of antagonism and synergism observed according to the absence of each element.