Effects of Vape Use on Oral Health: A Review of the Literature

Author:

Iacob Alin M.1ORCID,Escobedo Martínez Matías F.2ORCID,Barbeito Castro Enrique3,Junquera Olay Sonsoles4,Olay García Sonsoles2,Junquera Gutiérrez Luis Manuel5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Asturian Institute of Dentistry, Oviedo University, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

2. Department of Integrated Adult Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

3. Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

4. Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

5. Head Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Oviedo University, 33003 Oviedo, Spain

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The widespread use of tobacco has evolved with the popularity of vapes, especially among young people, despite the lack of clarity in warnings about their risks. Studies indicate the need for more effective communication about the oral risks of vaping. In addition to systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects, vaping is associated with an increased risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease as well as reduced antioxidant capacity of saliva. The objectives of this narrative review are to summarize the existing information in the literature on the effects of vaping at the oral level and to bring together knowledge about the mechanism of action of vaping in oral tissues. Materials and Methods: In the present study, articles were searched in PubMed, Elsevier Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords “oral health”, “vaping”, and “vape”. Studies published in the last 6 years that addressed the effects of oral vaping were selected, including comparisons among vape users, smokers, and non-smokers. Repeated articles, prior to 2017 and in languages other than English, were excluded. Two review authors (A.M.I and M.F.E.M) independently selected the papers based on titles and abstracts and conducted a full review of the remaining papers. In cases of disagreement, a third reviewer was used. Results: A total of 113 results were obtained, distributed as 16 from PubMed, 35 from Web of Science, and 62 from Elsevier Scopus. After removing duplicates, 67 articles were filtered by reviewing titles and abstracts, and finally, 22 articles were selected for comprehensive reading. Subsequently, eight of these articles were chosen for qualitative synthesis and are presented in standardized tables. The sample size of all included studies was composed of 31,647 participants, (14,477 male and 17,170 female) with a mean of 35.016 ± 7.57 years of age. Conclusions: This review indicates that the use of vapes is associated with an increased risk of periodontitis and caries. Although users experience more oral problems than non-smokers, these are less severe than those of traditional smokers. The widespread prevalence, especially among young people, highlights the urgency of awareness campaigns to warn of risks and understand potential harm.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference42 articles.

1. Harmful chemicals emitted from electronic cigarettes and potential deleterious effects in the oral cavity;Ebersole;Tob. Induc. Dis.,2020

2. How young people in Aotearoa perceive vaping and the associated oral health risks;Hang;N. Z. Med. J.,2023

3. Erosive potential of commonly available vapes: A cause for concern?;Fairchild;Br. Dent. J.,2021

4. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of young adults regarding the impact of electronic cigarette use on oral health;Martell;J. Am. Dent. Assoc.,2020

5. Impact of Vaping on Lungs: An Indian Prospect;Sharma;Cureus,2023

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