Analysis of Finite Solution Spaces of Second-Order ODE with Dirac Delta Periodic Forcing

Abstract

Second-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with discontinuous forcing have numerous applications in engineering and computational sciences. The analysis of the solution spaces of non-homogeneous ODEs is difficult due to the complexities in multidimensional systems, with multiple discontinuous variables present in forcing functions. Numerical solutions are often prone to failures in the presence of discontinuities. Algebraic decompositions are employed for analysis in such cases, assuming that regularities exist, operators are present in Banach (solution) spaces, and there is finite measurability. This paper proposes a generalized, finite-dimensional algebraic analysis of the solution spaces of second-order ODEs equipped with periodic Dirac delta forcing. The proposed algebraic analysis establishes the conditions for the convergence of responses within the solution spaces without requiring relative smoothness of the forcing functions. The Lipschitz regularizations and Lebesgue measurability are not considered as preconditions maintaining generality. The analysis shows that smooth and locally finite responses can be admitted in an exponentially stable solution space. The numerical analysis of the solution spaces is computed based on combinatorial changes in coefficients. It exhibits a set of locally uniform responses in the solution spaces. In contrast, the global response profiles show localized as well as oriented instabilities at specific neighborhoods in the solution spaces. Furthermore, the bands of the expansions–contractions of the stable response profiles are observable within the solution spaces depending upon the values of the coefficients and time intervals. The application aspects and distinguishing properties of the proposed approaches are outlined in brief.