Affiliation:
1. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
2. School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411100, China
3. Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Abstract
Energy saving in buildings is essential as buildings’ operational energy use constitutes 30% of global energy consumption. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) effectively understands urban energy consumption. This paper applied UBEM to assess the potential of peak demand reduction and energy saving in a mixed-use community, using 955 residential buildings, 35 office buildings and 7 hotels in Shenzhen, China, as a case study. The building type and period were collected based on the GIS dataset. Then, the baseline models were generated by the UBEM tool—AutoBPS. Five scenarios were analyzed: retrofit-window, retrofit-air conditioner (AC), retrofit-lighting, rooftop photovoltaic (PV), and demand response. The five scenarios replaced the windows, enhanced the AC, upgraded the lighting, covered 60% of the roof area with PV, and had a temperature reset from 17:00 to 23:00, respectively. The results show that using retrofit-windows is the most effective scenario for reducing peak demand at 19.09%, and PV reduces energy use intensity (EUI) best at 29.96%. Demand response is recommended when further investment is not desired. Retrofit-lighting is suggested for its low-cost, low-risk investment, with the payback period (PBP) not exceeding 4.54 years. When the investment is abundant, retrofit-windows are recommended for public buildings, while PV is recommended for residential buildings. The research might provide practical insights into energy policy formulation.
Funder
A Project (Key grant) Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China
A Project Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China
Reference58 articles.
1. (2023, October 13). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 2021 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction—Towards a Zero-Emissions, Efficient and Resilient Buildings and Construction Sector. Available online: https://www.unep.org/resources/report/2021-global-status-report-buildings-and-construction.
2. Peak Load Characteristics of Sydney Office Buildings and Policy Recommendations for Peak Load Reduction;Steinfeld;Energy Build.,2011
3. Review of Peak Load Management Strategies in Commercial Buildings;Darwazeh;Sustain. Cities Soc.,2022
4. Demand Side Management: Benefits and Challenges;Strbac;Energy Policy,2008
5. A Review of Strategies for Building Energy Management System: Model Predictive Control, Demand Side Management, Optimization, and Fault Detect & Diagnosis;J. Build. Eng.,2021