Intestinal Bile Acids Induce Behavioral and Olfactory Electrophysiological Responses in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Author:

Zhu Aijun12ORCID,Zhang Xiaolin2,Yan Xiaojun12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

2. Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China

Abstract

Chemical cues and pheromones mediate fish reproduction, aggregation, risk assessment, and kin recognition. To better understand the chemical communication of conspecific fish, the behavioral responses to bile acids (BAs), their source, and reception investigated in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Behavioral experimental results indicated that juvenile fish were attracted to intestinal contents (ICs) emanating from conspecifics, regardless of whether the fish were feeding. IC BA-targeted metabolomics revealed that cholic acid (CA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) were the top five categories. Tests with and without fasting yielded similar categories and proportions of BAs, indicating that the intestinal BA profiles were generally stable. At the nanomolar level, CA led to significant preference behavior (p < 0.01). The electrophysiological results supported the hypothesis that the top five BAs were potent odorants in L. crocea. Moreover, inhibition of adenylate cyclase–cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AC–cAMP) signaling and phospholipase C (PLC) signaling reduced the electro-olfactogram (EOG) responses to CA and CDCA. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that conspecific individuals could be attracted by ICs unrelated to feeding. As a key intestinal BA, CA led to fish preference behaviors and olfactory responses relying on cAMP and PLC transduction cascades.

Funder

Key Research & Development Project of Zhejiang Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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