Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and ESBL-Producing Bacterial Pathogens in Patients with Chronic Wound Infections and Spinal Cord Injury Admitted to a Tertiary Care Rehabilitation Hospital

Abstract

A pressure ulcer is defined as a skin lesion of ischemic origin, a condition that contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injuries. The most common complication of ulcers is a bacterial infection. Antimicrobial therapy should be selected with caution for spinal cord injury patients since they have a high risk of developing multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different bacterial pathogens in patients with pressure ulcers admitted with spinal cord injuries. This was a retrospective single-center study that included adult patients aged 18 years and above, admitted with chronic pressure wounds after a spinal cord injury requiring hospitalization between 2015 and 2021. A total of 203 spinal cord injury patients with pressure ulcers were included in the study. Ulcers were commonly infected by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, and they were mostly located in the sacral and gluteal areas. More than half of the bacteria isolated from patients were sensitive to commonly tested antibiotics, while 10% were either MDR- or pan-drug-resistant organisms. Of the MDR bacterial isolates, 25.61% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and 17.73% were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae. The most prevalent bacteria in pressure ulcers of spinal cord injury patients were S. aureus. Other antibiotic-resistant organisms were also isolated from the wounds.