Synergistic Combination of Aztreonam and Ceftazidime–Avibactam—A Promising Defense Strategy against OXA-48 + NDM Klebsiella pneumoniae in Romania

Abstract

With the increasing burden of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp), including high rates of healthcare-associated infections, treatment failure, and mortality, a good therapeutic strategy for attacking this multi-resistant pathogen is one of the main goals in current medical practice and necessitates the use of novel antibiotics or new drug combinations. Objectives: We reviewed the clinical and microbiological outcomes of seven patients treated at the “Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital between October 2023 and January 2024, aiming to demonstrate the synergistic activity of the ceftazidime–avibactam (C/A) plus aztreonam (ATM) combination against the co-producers of blaNDM + blaOXA-48-like CR-Kp. Material and Methods: Seven CR-Kp with blaNDM and blaOXA-48 as resistance mechanisms were tested. Seven patients treated with C/A + ATM were included. The synergistic activity of C/A + ATM was proven through double-disk diffusion in all seven isolates. Resistance mechanisms like KPC, VIM, OXA-48, NDM, IMP, and CTX-M were assessed through immunochromatography. Results: With a mean of nine days of treatment with the synergistic combination C/A + ATM, all patients achieved clinical recovery, and five achieved microbiological recovery. Conclusions: With the emerging co-occurrence of blaOXA-48 and blaNDM among Kp in Romania, the combination of C/A and ATM could be a promising therapeutic option.