Evaluation of Hydroxyl Radical Reactivity by Thioether Group Proximity in Model Peptide Backbone: Methionine versus S-Methyl-Cysteine

Abstract

Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) have long been regarded as a major source of cellular damage. The reaction of HO• with methionine residues (Met) in peptides and proteins is a complex multistep process. Although the reaction mechanism has been intensively studied, some essential parts remain unsolved. In the present study we examined the reaction of HO• generated by ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions with two compounds representing the simplest model peptide backbone CH3C(O)NHCHXC(O)NHCH3, where X = CH2CH2SCH3 or CH2SCH3, i.e., the Met derivative in comparison with the cysteine-methylated derivative. We performed the identification and quantification of transient species by pulse radiolysis and final products by LC–MS and high-resolution MS/MS after γ-radiolysis. The results allowed us to draw for each compound a mechanistic scheme. The fate of the initial one-electron oxidation at the sulfur atom depends on its distance from the peptide backbone and involves transient species of five-membered and/or six-membered ring formations with different heteroatoms present in the backbone as well as quite different rates of deprotonation in forming α-(alkylthio)alkyl radicals.