Mass Spectrometry and Pharmacological Approaches to Measuring Cooption and Reciprocal Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Abstract

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can show extensive crosstalk, directly and indirectly. Elucidating RTK crosstalk remains an important goal in the clinical combination of anti-cancer therapies. Here, we present mass spectrometry and pharmacological approaches showing the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)-promoting tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other membrane receptors in MET-amplified H1993 NSCLC cells. Conversely, in H292 wt-EGFR NSCLC cells, EGFR promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of MET. Reciprocal regulation of the EGFR and insulin receptor (IR) was observed in the GEO CRC cells, where inhibition of the EGFR drives tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Similarly, in platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-amplified H1703 NSCLC cells, inhibition of the EGFR promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of the PDGFR. These RTK interactions are used to illustrate basic principles applicable to other RTK signaling networks. More specifically, we focus on two types of RTK interaction: (1) co-option of one RTK by another and (2) reciprocal activation of one receptor following the inhibition of a distinct receptor.