Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Groundwater at the Boundaries of Three Aquifers in Central México

Author:

Ibarra-Olivares Guadalupe12,Miranda-Avilés Raúl3ORCID,Ramos-Leal José A.4,Morán-Ramirez Janete4,Puy-Alquiza María Jesús3,Li Yanmei3ORCID,Ángeles-Moreno Edgar3ORCID,Kshirsagar Pooja3

Affiliation:

1. Doctoral Program of Water Science and Technology, Engineering Division, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico

2. Mexican Geological Survey, Pachuca 42080, Mexico

3. Department of Mining, Metallurgy and Geology, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36020, Mexico

4. Potosine Institute for Scientific and Technological Research, Applied Geosciences Division, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico

Abstract

This study investigates the natural hydrogeochemical mechanisms that govern groundwater chemistry at the margins of the Silao-Romita, Valle de León, and La Muralla aquifers in Mexico’s “Bajío Guanajuatense”. The wells of the La Muralla aquifer have temperatures ranging from 25 to 45 °C, while in the valleys, the temperatures range from 25 to 29 °C. In the Sierra de Guanajuato recharge zone, the thermal spring registers 95 °C. High Na concentrations (125 to 178 mg/L) are measured due to thermalism. One sample includes 316 mg/L of SO4, which is related to a potential gypsum zone. Three hydrogeochemical facies are identified (Ca-Mg HCO3, Na-Ca-HCO3, and Na-HCO3). The hydrogeochemical characterization and processes imply hydraulic linkage via regional thermal flows enhanced by faults and the mixing of local flow waters with intermediate flows. The isotopic results indicate that part of the groundwater volume has been exposed to local evaporation processes due to the presence of surface water bodies and irrigation returns. The highest isotopic enrichment is observed near or in the recharge regions. In contrast, the most depleted zones are in the valleys, where there is a more significant interaction with the rock and a longer residence time, implying a mixture of local water flows with deeper or intermediate flows, which, when combined with water geochemistry, indicates a connection between the aquifers studied. The Kruskal–Wallis variance tests, used to compare the differences between aquifers, show that the Valle de León aquifer has more significant differences with respect to the Silao-Romita and La Muralla aquifers. This study’s findings are essential for one of central Mexico’s most populous and economically active areas.

Funder

Mexican Geological Survey, University of Guanajuato project CIIC

CONACyT

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

Reference42 articles.

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2. Valencia, J. (2023, July 25). Importancia de las Aguas Subterráneas. Apus Agua. 2014. Available online: https://apusdelagua.blogspot.com/2014/11/importancia-de-las-aguas-subterraneas.html.

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