Protein Profiling of Psittacanthus calyculatus during Mesquite Infection

Author:

Aguilar-Venegas Montserrat1ORCID,Quintana-Rodríguez Elizabeth2,Aguilar-Hernández Víctor3ORCID,López-García Claudia Marina2,Conejo-Dávila Efraín4,Brito-Argáez Ligia3,Loyola-Vargas Víctor M.3ORCID,Vega-Arreguín Julio1ORCID,Orona-Tamayo Domancar2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, UNAM, León CP 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico

2. Medio Ambiente y Biotecnología, CIATEC, A.C., León CP 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico

3. Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, CICY, A.C., Mérida CP 97205, Yucatán, Mexico

4. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Silao de la Victoria CP 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico

Abstract

Psittacanthus calyculatus is a hemiparasite mistletoe that represents an ecological problem due to the impacts caused to various tree species of ecological and commercial interest. Although the life cycle for the Psittacanthus genus is well established in the literature, the development stages and molecular mechanism implicated in P. calyculatus host infection are poorly understood. In this study, we used a manageable infestation of P. laevigata with P. calyculatus to clearly trace the infection, which allowed us to describe five phenological infective stages of mistletoe on host tree branches: mature seed (T1), holdfast formation (T2), haustorium activation (T3), haustorium penetration (T4), and haustorium connection (T5) with the host tree. Proteomic analyses revealed proteins with a different accumulation and cellular processes in infective stages. Activities of the cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulase and β-1,4-glucosidase were primarily active in haustorium development (T3), while xylanase, endo-glucanase, and peptidase were highly active in the haustorium penetration (T4) and xylem connection (T5). Patterns of auxins and cytokinin showed spatial concentrations in infective stages and moreover were involved in haustorium development. These results are the first evidence of proteins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and phytohormones that are involved in early infection for the Psittacanthus genus, and thus represent a general infection mechanism for other mistletoe species. These results could help to understand the molecular dialogue in the establishment of P. calyculatus parasitism.

Funder

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) in Ciencia de Frontera

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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