Extractives from Artemisia afra with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties
Author:
Molokoane Tumelo L.1, Kemboi Douglas12ORCID, Siwe-Noundou Xavier3ORCID, Famuyide Ibukun M.4ORCID, McGaw Lyndy J.4ORCID, Tembu Vuyelwa J.1
Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Kabianga, Kericho 2030, Kenya 3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa 4. Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Abstract
Secondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of Artemisia afra using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. Spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. The phytochemical investigation of A. afra led to the isolation of eight (A–H) compounds which were identified as 3β-taraxerol (A), 3β-taraxerol acetate (B), dodecyl-p-coumarate (C), ferulic acid (D), scopoletin (E), sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (F), 3,5-di-O-feruloylquinic acid (G) and Isofraxidin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (H) based on spectroscopic data. Compounds A, B, C, F, G, and H are known but were isolated for the first time from the roots of A. afra. The isolated compounds and extracts from A. afra exhibited good anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts (0.078 mg/mL) and compound E (62.5 µg/mL) showed good activities against Escherichia coli. Compounds C and F also showed good activity against Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts and compounds (A–H) exhibited anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and showed no toxicity when tested on Vero monkey kidney (Vero) cells.
Funder
National Research Foundation Research South Africa Tshwane University of Technology
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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