Synthesis and Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymer/Li6PS5Cl Gel Composite Electrolyte for Lithium Solid-State Batteries

Abstract

Gel electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries continue to replace the organic liquid electrolytes in conventional batteries due to their advantages of being less prone to leakage and non-explosive and possessing a high modulus of elasticity. However, the development of gel electrolytes has been hindered by their generally low ionic conductivity at room temperature and high interfacial impedance with electrodes. In this paper, a poly (vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVdF-HFP) with a flexible structure, Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) powder of the sulfur–silver–germanium ore type, and lithium perchlorate salt (LiClO4) were prepared into sulfide gel composite electrolyte films (GCEs) via a thermosetting process. The experimental results showed that the gel composite electrolyte with 1% LPSCl in the PVdF-HFP matrix exhibited an ionic conductivity as high as 1.27 × 10−3 S·cm−1 at 25 °C and a lithium ion transference number of 0.63. The assembled LiFePO4||GCEs||Li batteries have excellent rate (130 mAh·g−1 at 1 C and 54 mAh·g−1 at 5 C) and cycling (capacity retention was 93% after 100 cycles at 0.1 C and 80% after 150 cycles at 0.2 C) performance. This work provides new methods and strategies for the design and fabrication of solid-state batteries with high ionic conductivity and high specific energy.