The Application Research of FCN Algorithm in Different Severe Convection Short-Time Nowcasting Technology in China, Gansu Province

Author:

Huang Wubin1ORCID,Fu Jing1ORCID,Feng Xinxin2,Guo Runxia1,Zhang Junxia1,Lei Yu3

Affiliation:

1. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China

3. Meteorological Bureau of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730020, China

Abstract

This study explores the application of the fully convolutional network (FCN) algorithm to the field of meteorology, specifically for the short-term nowcasting of severe convective weather events such as hail, convective wind gust (CG), thunderstorms, and short-term heavy rain (STHR) in Gansu. The training data come from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and real-time ground observations. The performance of the proposed FCN model, based on 2017 to 2021 training datasets, demonstrated a high prediction accuracy, with an overall error rate of 16.6%. Furthermore, the model exhibited an error rate of 18.6% across both severe and non-severe weather conditions when tested against the 2022 dataset. Operational deployment in 2023 yielded an average critical success index (CSI) of 24.3%, a probability of detection (POD) of 62.6%, and a false alarm ratio (FAR) of 71.2% for these convective events. It is noteworthy that the predicting performance for STHR was particularly effective with the highest POD and CSI, as well as the lowest FAR. CG and hail predictions had comparable CSI and FAR scores, although the POD for CG surpassed that for hail. The FCN model’s optimal performances in terms of hail prediction occurred at the 4th, 8th, and 10th forecast hours, while for CG, the 6th hour was most accurate, and for STHR, the 2nd and 4th hours were most effective. These findings underscore the FCN model’s ideal suitability for short-term forecasting of severe convective weather, presenting extensive prospects for the automation of meteorological operations in the future.

Funder

Natural Science Foundation of Gansu

“Flying Clouds” youth top talent

Gansu Youth Science and Technology Foundation

Key project of meteorological research of Gansu Meteorological Bureau

Drought meteorological science research Foundation project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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