Morphological Analysis of the Anatomical Mandibular Lingual Concavity Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans in East Asian Population—A Retrospective Study

Abstract

The rising demand for dental implants necessitates addressing anatomical challenges, particularly the shape of the mandible. Incorrectly angling implants can cause lingual perforations, risking damage to the inferior alveolar artery and nerve. This study analyzed 96 cone-beam computed tomography images from individuals aged 20 to 70 (8 males and 8 females) to evaluate mandibular anatomy in four areas: left and right sides and the first and second molars. Mandibular shapes were classified into U, C, and P types. U-shaped mandibles, with a wider crest width, pose the highest risk of lingual perforation. Measurements for U-shaped types included concavity angle, length, and depth. Statistical analyses (T-tests and ANOVA) with a 95% confidence interval showed no significant differences between the left and right sides. However, significant differences based on gender, age, and tooth type were found. The study found U-shapes in 34.6% of cases, P-shapes in 28.9%, and C-shapes in 36.5%, with U-shapes more common in second molars. Understanding these variations enhances the safety and effectiveness of implant procedures and oral surgeries.