Quantification of the Therapist’s Gentle Pull for Pinch Strength Testing Based on FMA and MMT: An Experimental Study with Healthy Subjects

Abstract

Static pinch strength against a therapist’s gentle pull is evaluated using the pincer grasp component of the Fugl Meyer Assessment (FMA) to assess pinch impairment after stroke. In the pincer grasp component, therapists applied a gentle pull to distinguish between a score of 1 (moderate pinch impairment) and a score of 2 (no pinch impairment). The gentle pull is described as a resistance equivalent to a manual muscle test (MMT) score 4/5. The accepted use of “gentle” as a qualitative description for the pull results is a non-standardized subjective interpretation. The goal of this paper was to determine the quantitative value of the gentle pull applied by the therapists as in their clinical practice using a pinch–pull gripping system. The FMA protocol was used to standardize the body and fingers positions of three occupational therapists who were then instructed to apply a gentle pull of 4/5 MMT using their thumb and index fingers (in a tip-to-tip pinch). The results show that the therapists exerted a mean gentle pull (4/5 MMT score) of 6.34 ± 0.98 N with high reliability and acceptable repeatability. In investigating the ability of healthy subjects to resist the gentle pull, 50 adult male volunteers were instructed to pinch the pincer object and resist a dynamic loading exerted by the pinch–pull gripping system as much as possible to the moment the pincer object slips away. The results show that all subjects were able to exert a pulling force higher than the quantitative value of the gentle pull.