The Role of Presepsin in Diagnosing Infections in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

Abstract

Infections and sepsis represent severe liver cirrhosis (LC) complications and the precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The early diagnosis and treatment of infections in patients with LC and HE can significantly increase their survival. Presepsin is a serum biomarker evaluated for the early diagnosis of infections and sepsis in the general and cirrhotic populations. This study aimed to evaluate the role of presepsin in the early diagnosis of infections in patients with LC and HE. This prospective observational study included all consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted to our tertiary university center with overt HE. The patients were follow-up until discharge. In this study, we included 365 patients with a median age of 59 years, of whom 61.9% were male. Infections were diagnosed in 134 patients (36.7%). The presepsin level was higher in patients with infections than those without infections (3167 vs. 500, p < 0.001). The ROC analysis results demonstrated that the best cut-off value for presepsin in infections detection was 980 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 80.17%, specificity of 82.5% (AUROC 0.869, CI 95%: 0.819–0.909, p < 0.001, Youden index J of 0.622), a positive predictive value of 40.63%, and a negative predictive value of 96.53%. In conclusion, in patients with LC and overt HE, presepsin levels >980 pg/mL could enhance the suspicion of bacterial infections. Presepsin may be an adequate non-invasive tool for the early diagnosis of infections in patients with LC and overt HE.