Association between Serum Soluble α-Klotho and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: NHANES 2007–2016

Abstract

(1) Background: Preclinical and clinical studies on the anti-aging effect of α-Klotho are emerging. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is a well-known biomarker of kidney injury and generalized damage in the cardiovascular system. However, the potential relationship between α-Klotho and UAE is limited and controversial. This study aimed to quantify this relationship in the general middle-aged and elderly population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016. (2) Methods: Serum α-Klotho was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UAE was assessed by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). After adjusting for several confounding variables, the relationship between α-Klotho and ACR was analyzed by weighted multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests. A generalized additive model (GAM) with smooth functions using the two-piecewise linear regression model was used to examine the potential nonlinear relationship between α-Klotho and ACR. (3) Results: Among 13,584 participants aged 40–79 years, we observed an independent and significant negative correlation between α-Klotho and ACR (β = −12.22; 95% CI, −23.91, −0.53, p = 0.0448) by multivariable logistic regression analysis, especially in those with age ≥ 60 years, pulse pressure (PP) ≥ 60 mmHg, hypertension or diabetes. We further discovered the nonlinear relationship between α-Klotho and ACR by GAM, revealing the first negative and then positive correlations with an inflection point of 9.91 pg/mL between α-Klotho and ACR. (4) Conclusions: A dose-response relationship between α-Klotho and ACR was demonstrated, and the negative correlation therein indicated that α-Klotho has potential as a serum marker and prophylactic or therapeutic agent despite its metabolic and effective mechanisms needing to be further explored.