Good Cop, Bad Cop: The Opposing Effects of Macrophage Activation State on Maintaining or Damaging Functional β-Cell Mass

Author:

Jensen Daelin M.,Hendricks Kyle V.,Mason Austin T.,Tessem Jeffery S.ORCID

Abstract

Loss of functional β-cell mass is a hallmark of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Macrophages play an integral role in the maintenance or destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The effect of the macrophage β-cell interaction is dependent on the activation state of the macrophage. Macrophages can be activated across a spectrum, from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling. The factors secreted by these differentially activated macrophages and their effect on β-cells define the effect on functional β-cell mass. In this review, the spectrum of macrophage activation is discussed, as are the positive and negative effects on β-cell survival, expansion, and function as well as the defined factors released from macrophages that impinge on functional β-cell mass.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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