Random Forest-Based Grouping for Accurate SOH Estimation in Second-Life Batteries

Author:

Gotz Joelton Deonei12ORCID,Galvão José Rodolfo3ORCID,Corrêa Fernanda Cristina3ORCID,Badin Alceu André1ORCID,Siqueira Hugo Valadares3ORCID,Viana Emilson Ribeiro4ORCID,Converti Attilio5ORCID,Borsato Milton2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR-CT), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil

2. Postgraduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering (PPGEM), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR-CT), Curitiba 81280-340, Brazil

3. Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR-PG), Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil

4. Physics Department, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR-CT), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil

5. Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy

Abstract

Retired batteries pose a significant current and future challenge for electric mobility due to their high cost and the need for a state of health (SOH) above 80% to supply energy efficiently. Recycling and alternative applications are the primary options for these batteries, with recycling still undergoing research as regards more efficient and cost-effective techniques. While advancements have been made, researchers are actively seeking improved methods. Repurposing retired batteries for lower-performance applications like stationary systems or low-speed vehicles is recommended. Second-life batteries (SLB) can be directly reused or reconstructed, with the latter involving the disassembly, measurement, and separation of cells based on their characteristics. The traditional measurement process, involving full charge and discharge cycles, is time-consuming. To address this, a Machine Learning (ML)-based SOH estimator is introduced in this work, offering the instant measurement and estimation of battery health without complete discharge. The results indicate that the model can accurately identify SOH within a nominal capacity range of 1400–2300 mAh, with a resolution near 45.70 mAh, in under five minutes of discharging. This innovative technique could be instrumental in selecting and assembling SLB packs.

Funder

FUNDEP Rota 2030

Publisher

MDPI AG

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