The Effect of Different Archwires on Initial Orthodontic Pain Perception: A Prospective Controlled Cohort Study

Abstract

The early stages of orthodontic treatment are frequently associated with pain that can vary in intensity and duration, representing one of the main reasons for treatment discontinuation. Whilst the use of drugs is recognised as being effective to control orthodontic pain, there are no reliable data indicating the best first archwire for efficacy and minimum discomfort. A prospective controlled cohort study was conducted to compare the intensity and the characteristics of orthodontic pain during the first 15 days of treatment with 2 archwires. Fifty subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups: one received 0.012 inch stainless steel (SS) as the first archwire; the other, a 0.014 inch super-elastic nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) archwire. Patients compiled a visual analogue scale to measure pain intensity over 15 days, a questionnaire for pain characteristics, the Somatosensory Amplification Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to control the psychosocial component of pain. Dental casts were digitally analysed to evaluate the initial arch length discrepancy. In the first 3 days of treatment, the mean VAS values of the SS group were significantly lower than those of the Ni-Ti group (p < 0.05). No significant differences emerged between the groups concerning pain characteristics. The 0.012 inch SS archwire could be used at the beginning of orthodontic treatment to minimise pain perception and improve compliance.