Prognosis of Atrial Fibrillation with or without Comorbidities: Analysis of Younger Adults from a Nationwide Database

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prognosis of AF patients with or without cardiac or extra-cardiac concomitant conditions. Participants and Methods: All consecutive patients diagnosed with AF admitted to French hospitals between 2011 and 2020 were identified. Patients were classified into four groups: (1) > 60 yo; (2) with known cardiac disease (KCD group); (3) with extra-cardiac comorbidities (ECC); and 4) AF without KCD or ECC (“Lone AF”). Results: Altogether 2,435,541 patients were identified, from which 2,203,702 patients aged >60 years and 231,839 patients aged <60 years (with KCD (55.2%), with ECC (14.7%) and with “Lone AF” (30.1%)). During follow-up, the incidences of all-cause and CV deaths were 13.7%, 5.7%, 6.2%, and 2.3%, and 4.2%, 1.7%, 0.8%, and 0.3% in the older than 60 yo group, KCD group, ECC group and “Lone AF” AF group, respectively. In the age and sex-adjusted analysis (patients < 60 yo), patients with AF and KCD had worse outcomes than patients with “Lone AF” for all major cardiac events. Conclusion: There are three distinct prognostic criteria based on the presence or lack of HD or extra-cardiac concomitant comorbidities. Patients in the so-called “Lone AF” group remain severe in terms of CV events but still with a lower incidence than the patients with associated KCD or ECC. The presence of KCD or ECC makes it possible to distinguish a profile in terms of events that are very different between the patients.