Effect of Percutaneous Electric Stimulation with High-Frequency Alternating Currents on the Sensory-Motor System of Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Former studies investigated the application of high-frequency alternating currents (HFAC) in humans for blocking the peripheral nervous system. The present trial aims to assess the effect of HFAC on the motor response, somatosensory thresholds, and peripheral nerve conduction when applied percutaneously using frequencies of 10 kHz and 20 kHz in healthy volunteers. A parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted. Ultrasound-guided HFAC at 10 kHz and 20 kHz and sham stimulation were delivered to the median nerve of 60 healthy volunteers for 20 min. The main assessed variables were the maximum isometric flexion strength (MFFS) of the index finger, myotonometry, pressure pain threshold (PPT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP). A decrease in the MFFS is observed immediately postintervention compared to baseline, both in the 10 kHz group (−8.5%; 95% CI −14.9 to −2.1) and the 20 kHz group (−12.0%; 95% CI −18.3 to −5.6). The between-group comparison of changes in MFFS show a greater reduction of −10.8% (95% CI −19.8 to −1.8) immediately postintervention in the 20 kHz compared to the sham stimulation group. The percutaneous stimulation applying 20 kHz HFAC to the median nerve produces a reversible postintervention reduction in strength with no adverse effects.