Phenotypic and Genetic Analyses of Mastitis, Endometritis, and Ketosis on Milk Production and Reproduction Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle
Author:
Ren Xiaoli123ORCID, Lu Haibo4, Wang Yachun4ORCID, Yan Lei5, Liu Changlei6, Chu Chu12, Yang Zhuo12, Bao Xiangnan12, Yu Mei12ORCID, Zhang Zhen5, Zhang Shujun12
Affiliation:
1. Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 2. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 3. Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China 4. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 5. Henan Seed Industry Development Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China 6. Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, China
Abstract
Mastitis (MAS), endometritis (MET), and ketosis (KET) are prevalent diseases in dairy cows that result in substantial economic losses for the dairy farming industry. This study gathered 26,014 records of the health and sickness of dairy cows and 99,102 data of reproduction from 13 Holstein dairy farms in Central China; the milk protein and milk fat content from 56,640 milk samples, as well as the pedigree data of 37,836 dairy cows were obtained. The logistic regression method was used to analyze the variations in the prevalence rates of MAS, MET, and KET among various parities; the mixed linear model was used to examine the effects of the three diseases on milk production, milk quality, and reproductive traits. DMU software (version 5.2) utilized the DMUAI module in conjunction with the single-trait and two-trait animal model, as well as best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), to estimate the genetic parameters for the three diseases, milk production, milk quality, and reproductive traits in dairy cows. The primary findings of the investigation comprised the following: (1) The prevalence rates of MAS, MET, and KET in dairy farms were 20.04%, 10.68%, and 7.33%, respectively. (2) MAS and MET had a substantial impact (p < 0.01) on milk production, resulting in significant decreases of 112 kg and 372 kg in 305-d Milk Yield (305-d MY), 4 kg and 12 kg in 305-d Protein Yield (305-d PY), and 6 kg and 16 kg in 305-d Fat Yield (305-d FY). As a result of their excessive 305-d MY, some cows were diagnosed with KET due to glucose metabolism disorder. The 305-d MY of cows with KET was significantly higher than that of healthy cows (205 kg, p < 0.01). (3) All three diseases resulted in an increase in the Interval from Calving to First Service (CTFS, 0.60–1.50 d), Interval from First Service to Conception (FSTC, 0.20–16.20 d), Calving Interval (CI, 4.00–7.00 d), and Number of Services (NUMS, 0.07–0.35). (4) The heritabilities of cows with MAS, MET, and KET were found to be low, with values of 0.09, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively. The genetic correlation between these traits ranged from 0.14 to 0.44. This study offers valuable insights on the prevention and control of the three diseases, as well as feeding management and genetic breeding.
Funder
National Key R&D Program of China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Key Research Project of Henan Province Leading Talents of Science and Technology in the Central Plain of China Special Fund for Henan Agriculture Research System
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