Determinants of Lipid Parameters in Patients without Diagnosed Cardiovascular Disease—Results of the Polish Arm of the EUROASPIRE V Survey

Abstract

To assess the determinants of lipid parameters in primary care patients without diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD), a cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018–2019 with a total of 200 patients. The following lipid parameters were measured: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), small, dense LDL (sdLDL-C), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)). Predictors of elevated and adequately controlled lipid parameters were assessed with logistic regression analysis. Older age was related to higher risk of TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L [OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.0–1.05)], sdLDL-C ≥ 1.0 mmol/L [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.0–1.1)], and decreased risk of Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL [OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99)]. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had increased probability of TG ≥ 2.25 mmol/L [OR 3.77 (95% CI 1.34–10.6)] and Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL [OR 2.97 (1.34–6.10)] as well as adequate control of TG and Lp(a). Higher material status was related to lower risk of TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L [OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.04–0.82)] and LDL-C ≥ 3.6 mmol/L [OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.12–0.92)]. High BMI was related to increased [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02–1.29)], and female gender [OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.12–0.96)] and hypertension [OR 0.29 (95% CI 0.1–0.87)] to decreased risk of TG ≥ 2.25 mmol/L [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02–1.29)]. Taking lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) was associated with LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L [OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.05–4.19)] and Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL [OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.25–0.93)]. Physical activity was related to LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L [OR 2.02 (95% CI 1.02–3.98)]. Higher abdominal circumference was associated with decreased risk of TG < 1.7 mmol/L [OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–0.99)]. Elevated lipid parameters were related to age, gender, material status, BMI, history of DM, and hypertension. Adequate control was associated with age, education, physical activity, LLD, history of DM, and abdominal circumference.