Combined Electrochemical Deposition and Photo-Reduction to Fabricate SERS-Active Silver Substrates: Characterization and Application for Malachite Green Detection in Aquaculture Water

Author:

Li Yu-Xuan1,Chen Yi-Ting1,Chang Cheng-Tse1,Ting Chao Yi (Anso)1,Arta Yaumalika12,Wu Mei-Yao3,Wu Tsunghsueh4,Lin Yu-Shen5ORCID,Lin Yang-Wei1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De Road, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan

2. Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

3. School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40424, Taiwan

4. Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, 1, University Plaza, Platteville, WI 53818-3099, USA

5. Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung 950309, Taiwan

Abstract

This research introduces a novel approach using silver (Ag) nanostructures generated through electrochemical deposition and photo-reduction of Ag on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates (denoted as X-Ag-AgyFTO, where ‘X’ and ‘y’ represent the type of light source and number of deposited cycles, respectively) for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This study used malachite green (MG) as a Raman probe to evaluate the enhancement factors (EFs) in SERS-active substrates under varied fabrication conditions. For the substrates produced via electrochemical deposition, we determined a Raman EF of 6.15 × 104 for the Ag2FTO substrate. In photo-reduction, the impact of reductant concentration, light source, and light exposure duration were examined on X-Ag nanoparticle formation to achieve superior Raman EFs. Under optimal conditions (9.0 mM sodium citrate, 460 nm blue-LED at 10 W for 90 min), the combination of blue-LED-reduced Ag (B-Ag) and an Ag2FTO substrate (denoted as B-Ag-Ag2FTO) exhibited the best Raman EF of 2.79 × 105. This substrate enabled MG detection within a linear range of 0.1 to 1.0 µM (R2 = 0.98) and a detection limit of 0.02 µM. Additionally, the spiked recoveries in aquaculture water samples were between 90.0% and 110.0%, with relative standard deviations between 3.9% and 6.3%, indicating the substrate’s potential for fungicide detection in aquaculture.

Funder

Taiwan National Science and Technology Council

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference35 articles.

1. Recent approach in the application of nanoadsorbents for malachite green (MG) dye uptake from contaminated water: A critical review;Umeh;Env. Nanotech Monit. Manag.,2023

2. Novel adsorbent for malachite green from okra stalks waste: Synthesis, kinetics and equilibrium studies;Yildiz;Int. J. Phytoremediat.,2024

3. Toxicological effects of malachite green;Srivastava;Aquat. Toxicol.,2004

4. Malachite green: A toxicological review;Culp;J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.,1996

5. Negative effects of malachite green and possibilities of its replacement in the treatment of fish eggs and fish: A review;Sudova;Vet. Med.,2007

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3